By Michael Wong, JD (Executive Director, Physician-Patient Alliance for Health & Safety)

In his recent blog, “Supporting Patients During Transitions Between Levels of Care,” Alex Alonso discusses how transitions between healthcare settings are among the most vulnerable moments in a patient’s journey. Whether a patient is discharged from the hospital to home, transferred to a rehabilitation facility, or moves from one clinical team to another, every transition presents opportunities for communication failures, medication discrepancies, and gaps in follow-up care.

Unfortunately, these challenges remain a significant contributor to preventable hospital readmissions.

A recent Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Canada Safety Bulletin highlights that transitions of care continue to be associated with fragmented communication, medication errors, and incomplete information sharing among healthcare providers, patients, and caregivers. The bulletin emphasizes that safe transitions require coordinated communication, standardized discharge processes, medication reconciliation, and active engagement of patients and families to reduce preventable harm.

These findings mirror evidence from the United States.

A comprehensive review published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine found that hospital readmissions remain a major patient safety and healthcare quality challenge. Although some readmissions are unavoidable, many are associated with breakdowns in discharge planning, inadequate communication between providers, medication-related problems, and failure to ensure timely outpatient follow-up. The authors conclude that successful transition-of-care programs share several common characteristics, including multidisciplinary care coordination, patient education, medication reconciliation, and early post-discharge follow-up.

Why Transitions Matter

Hospital discharge should not be viewed as the end of treatment—it is the beginning of the next phase of care.

Patients leaving the hospital often experience multiple medication changes, receive new diagnoses, and must coordinate follow-up appointments with primary care physicians, specialists, home health agencies, rehabilitation facilities, or long-term care providers. Without clear communication among these stakeholders, the risk of medication errors, adverse events, emergency department visits, and avoidable readmissions increases substantially.

Older adults, individuals with multiple chronic conditions, and patients taking numerous medications are particularly vulnerable during these transitions.

Four Strategies to Improve Transitions of Care

The Canadian and U.S. literature points to several evidence-based strategies that healthcare organizations should prioritize:

1. Comprehensive medication reconciliation at every transition to ensure medication lists are accurate, complete, and clearly communicated.
2. Patient and caregiver engagement using plain-language discharge instructions and teach-back methods to confirm understanding.
3. Timely communication of discharge summaries, medication changes, and care plans to primary care clinicians and the next care setting.
4. Early post-discharge follow-up, particularly for high-risk patients, to identify problems before they result in emergency department visits or hospital readmissions.

Patient Safety Requires Collaboration

Reducing hospital readmissions is not simply a matter of improving discharge paperwork. It requires coordination among hospitals, physicians, pharmacists, nurses, rehabilitation providers, home health agencies, patients, and family caregivers.

Every transition should answer several critical questions:

• Does the patient understand their medications?
• Has the receiving provider received complete and accurate information?
• Are follow-up appointments scheduled?
• Does the patient know whom to contact if problems arise?
• Are social, financial, or transportation barriers likely to interfere with recovery?

When these questions go unanswered, patients are more likely to experience avoidable complications that lead to readmission.

Looking Ahead

As healthcare continues to shift toward value-based care, improving transitions of care will remain one of the most effective strategies for enhancing patient safety, improving patient experience, and reducing avoidable hospital utilization.

At the Physician-Patient Alliance for Health & Safety, we believe that every transition of care should be viewed as a patient safety event. Strengthening communication, improving medication management, engaging patients and caregivers, and fostering collaboration across the continuum of care are essential steps toward safer, more coordinated healthcare.

The article by Alex Alonso emphasized the importance of supporting patients during transitions between levels of care. The latest evidence reinforces that message: when transitions are managed well, patients are safer, outcomes improve, and unnecessary hospital readmissions can often be prevented.